A Review on Green Trustworthy Federated Edge Intelligence for Secure and Energy-Sustainable WSNs

In healthcare, water management, air-quality monitoring, climate monitoring and smart infrastructure, the wireless sensor network (WSN) is used for long-term monitoring. The first energy limitation is that they are not sustainable in practice because of the depletion of energy resources, because nodes are unreliable, or malicious, because they generate too much communication overhead, or because they are unstable to route. Most of the existing research focuses on energy efficiency, federated learning, trust management, secure routing, and so on, as distinct concerns, without considering coordinated network level decision making. This paper suggests a Green Trustworthy Federated Edge Intelligence Systems in a single WSN architecture to tackle the challenges of multi-factor node trust evaluation, energy-aware federated participation and trust-based secure routing. It assesses the behaviour of nodes, the amount of energy they have left, the consistency of their sensing, and the reliability of their communications to facilitate the participation of trustworthy models and the selection of paths at the edge. An in-depth comparison of recent research reveals that trust, energy sustainability, federated learning and network-layer routing are well suited to be coupled more tightly. The framework proposed is suitable to be evaluated by means of Security, Sensing and WSN datasets, as well as network simulations under normal and adversarial conditions. The study offers quantitative basis for a secure, energy-efficient, deployment-driven WSNs for smart environments related to SDGs.