From Ocean to Plate: Leveraging Blockchain for Transparent and Sustainable Seafood Supply Chain Traceability — A Review

Due to a lack of transparency and inconsistent record-keeping, seafood supply chains are widely distributed, multi-stakeholder ecosystems that are still extremely susceptible to fraud, species mislabeling, and illicit, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. Seafood supply chains are widely dispersed, multi-stakeholder ecosystems that are still very vulnerable to fraud, species mislabeling, and illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing because of a lack of transparency and poor record-keeping.

Although earlier research shows that blockchain has the potential to enhance transparency and accountability, it also highlights persistent drawbacks, such as a strong reliance on IoT and sensor infrastructure, high deployment costs, scalability issues, and restricted acceptance by small-scale players. This paper presents a mobile-first blockchain architecture and traceability methodology for practical, inclusive deployment in order to fill these shortcomings. By utilizing safe mobile data capture, standardized QR/GS1 metadata, and cryptographically anchored records kept on a distributed ledger, the suggested method does away with the need for specialized IoT gear. Multimedia evidence produced by stakeholders and transaction attestations are integrated to improve data credibility during harvest, processing.