Design Aspects of MIMO Antenna in Gain Enhancement for Wireless Applications- A Review

The number of digital platform users has extensively increased in the recent era. This imposes a high data rate, low latency and highly reliable wireless communication system.  To manage the high data rate requirement, the communication front-end RF system should be integrated with multiple antennas for transmission and reception. This multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system improves the data rate.  The main challenge in the MIMO system is mutual electromagnetic coupling between the antenna elements. The isolation should be high for efficient transmission of the electromagnetic signal. Along with this, one MIMO antenna should operate in multiple wireless applications without any interference. This is achieved by integrating a reconfigurability function in the MIMO antenna. Additionally, the gain of the MIMO antenna can be enhanced by adding metamaterial structures as a superstrate or substrate. This paper provides a brief review of MIMO antenna design techniques. Also, integration of reconfigurable and metamaterials with MIMO for frequency switching and gain enhancement, respectively.