A New Era in Fetal Monitoring: The Promise of Bio-Impedance Techniques

The fetal monitoring approach holds critical importance in obstetrics, as illustrated by a review covering techniques from basic fetoscope auscultation to sophisticated electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) used in engineering. This constant surveillance during labor is essential for rapidly detecting signs of fetal distress, ensuring timely interventions for safe outcomes. Furthermore, this research presents an innovative, noninvasive, user-friendly, and cost-effective bioimpedance-based fetal monitoring system , making it suitable for mass healthcare, including use by impoverished populations and basic health workers. Ultimately, the review emphasizes the necessity of standardized protocols, continuous research, and healthcare professional training to maximize the accuracy and effectiveness of these monitoring methods.