A Comprehensive Survey on Hybrid Renewable–VSDG Power Systems for Remote Electrification

This paper presents a comprehensive review of hybrid renewable–diesel power systems for remote electrification and sustainable energy generation. The rapid increase in global energy demand and environmental concerns associated with fossil fuel-based electricity generation have accelerated the development of renewable energy technologies such as solar photovoltaic (PV), wind energy, and hybrid power systems. Hybrid renewable-diesel systems combine renewable sources, diesel generators, energy storage systems, and advanced power management strategies to ensure reliable and cost-effective electricity supply in remote and off-grid regions. This paper reviews system configurations, hybrid combinations, constant and variable speed diesel generator technologies, energy storage systems, and intelligent power management strategies. Detailed hybrid configurations such as PV–diesel, PV–wind–diesel, and PV–VSDG–Li-ion systems are discussed with figures. Research gaps including limited work on variable speed diesel generators, optimized power management systems, and battery-less hybrid systems are identified. The survey concludes with future research directions for sustainable rural electrification.