Experimental Method for Processing and Mechanical Behaviour of ZE42 Magnesium Hybrid Composites Reinforced with TiO₂ and Graphene Nanoparticles

This research work explores the experimental method for fabricating and mechanical performance of ZE42 magnesium alloy-based hybrid composites strengthened with TiO₂ and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and manufactured through stir casting method. Four compositions comprising mono and hybrid reinforcements were synthesized to assess the effect of secondary graphene nanoplates on microstructure, hardness, tensile and compressive strength, wear, and corrosion properties. The combination of 3 wt.% TiO2 with base alloy refined grain structure, enhanced strength and hardness through heterogeneous nucleation and load transfer. Hybrid metal matrix composites demonstrated synergetic strengthening, where an optimal amount of strength and ductility is increased with 1 wt.% GNP, while 3 wt.% GNP increased hardness, but marginally decreased elongation due to agglomeration. Fractography analysis explored ductile to fracture transitions leading by the crack deflection, graphene pull-out and bridging mechanisms.  Finally, ZE42/TiO2/GNP hybrid metal matrix exhibited the greater mechanical characteristics compared to single reinforced composites, demonstrating its potentiality for structural and lightweight applications.