Quantum Electrodynamics Model for Quantum Plasma: Nonlinear Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Analysis

In this work, we study how dense quantum plasmas under extremely strong electromagnetic fields are affected by quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections. [1,8,10]. In extreme plasma conditions, where quantum diffraction, electron degeneracy, relativistic effects, and vacuum polarisation all play significant roles in plasma behaviour, classical theories of plasma are insufficient. The quantum hydrodynamic equations and the modified Maxwell equations derived from the Heisenberg--Euler Lagrangian are used to create a theoretical model of QED plasma. Using perturbation techniques, the nonlinear propagation of electromagnetic waves is studied. The results show that the QED corrections have a considerable effect on the dispersion characteristics and nonlinear coupling coefficients. The results are useful for understanding nonlinear processes in magnetars, neutron stars, white dwarfs, and high intensity laser-plasma interaction studies.