Recent Advances in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata: A Comprehensive Survey

As the Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor Technology reaches its physical limitations, classical computing technologies face issues in terms of area, cell count, power consumption, and latency, making it difficult to design high speed, and energy efficient systems. Among the emerging nano-scale technologies Quantum-dot cellular Automata(QCA) is the prominent candidate for future applications. Through the deployment of electron positions within quantum cells, QCA reduces power consumption by enabling binary logic without the need for electric current flow. This paper offers a thorough analysis of QCA technology, focusing on several circuit designs and approaches that have been put out recently.  It also discusses the performance parameters of digital circuits like Full adder, Multiplexer, Code Converter and Comparators proposed in various recent articles.